Woo Product Archive Images

I just recently updated to the latest version of Highend theme and am now noticing that my product images are doubling up one on top of the other in the Product Archive and anywhere I am displaying products such as using WPBakery Woocommerce elements or “Related Products” that is beneath the single product pages.

I have disabled all plugins and removed my customizations and still see the problem. When I switch theme to Twenty Twenty-Four the problem appears resolves itself so I imagine this is an issue with the latest update. Can you please help?

Thank you.